JEE Main 2023 — Alternating Current Question with Solution

Statement I: An AC circuit undergoes electrical resonance if it contains either a capacitor or an inductor.

This statement is incorrect. Electrical resonance occurs in an AC circuit when the capacitive reactance and inductive reactance are equal, causing the impedance of the circuit to be minimum. This typically happens in a series RLC circuit or a parallel RLC circuit. If the circuit contains only a capacitor or an inductor, it cannot undergo electrical resonance as there is no counterpart reactance to balance the impedance.

Statement II: An AC circuit containing a pure capacitor or a pure inductor consumes high power due to its non-zero power factor.

This statement is also incorrect. An AC circuit containing a pure capacitor or a pure inductor will have a power factor of 0, not a non-zero power factor. The power factor of a capacitor is -1, and the power factor of an inductor is +1, but when only considering the reactive components, the power factor is 0. In such a circuit, no real power is consumed, and the circuit only has reactive power. The energy is alternately stored and released by the capacitor and inductor, but no energy is dissipated as heat or used to perform work.

As both statements are incorrect, the correct answer would be an option that states both statements are false.