JEE Main 2015 — d and f Block Elements Question with Solution

The Wacker process is originally referred to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by oxygen in water, where the catalyst is tetrachloropalladate$\left(\mathrm{II}\right)$.

In the contact process, Platinum used to be the catalyst for this reaction, however, as it is susceptible to react with arsenic impurities in the sulphur feedstock, the preferred catalyst today is vanadium $\left(\mathrm{V}\right)$ oxide $\left({\mathrm{V}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_5\right)$.

In the Deacon's process, the reaction takes place at about $400 \mathrm{to} {450}^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ in the presence of a variety of catalysts, which include copper chloride $\left({\mathrm{CuCl}}_2\right)$.

In Ziegler-Natta polymerisation, homogenous catalysts, usually based on complexes of $\mathrm{Ti}, \mathrm{Zr} \mathrm{or} \mathrm{Hf}$, are used. They are usually used in combination with different catalysts.